Definition of Geographic Information Systems

Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System / GIS) hereinafter referred to as GIS is a computer based information system used to process and store data or geographic information (Aronoff, 1989).

GIS in general terms as follows:

"A component consisting of hardware, software, geographic data and human resources to work together effectively to input, store, repair, update, manage, manipulate, integrate, analyze and display data in a geographic-based information".

GIS has the ability to connect a variety of data at a given point on earth, combine, analyze and finally map the results. The data will be processed in a GIS spatial data is a geographically-oriented data and a location that has a specific coordinate system, as a basic reference. So that the application of GIS can answer some questions such as: location, condition, trends, patterns and modeling. Ability is what distinguishes GIS from other information systems.

components of GIS

There are various definitions of the experts about the SIG, the SIG is essentially a system for managing, storing, processing, analysis and views (display) the data associated with the earth's surface. Such systems need to be able to operate the hardware (hardware) and software (software) are also human beings who operate them (brainware). In detail, the SIG may operate require the following components:

People who run the system includes operate, develop even memperolehmanfaat of the system. Categories of people who are part of this SIG is diverse, for example, operators, analysts, programmers, database administrators and even stakeholders.

Application is a collection of procedures used to process data into information. For example, the sum, classification, rotation, geometry correction, query, overlay, buffer, join table and so on.

The data can be used in GIS graphic data and attribute data. Graphic data / spatial data is a representation of the phenomenon of the earth's surface that has a reference (coordinate) prevalent form of maps, aerial photos, satellite imagery and so on, or the result of the interpretation of these data. While the data attributes such as population census data, survey notes, other statistical data. Collection of data in large quantities can be compiled into a database. So well known in the GIS database, commonly known as a spatial database (spatial database).

GIS software is tailor-made computer program and has a capacity management, storage, processing, analysis and delivery of spatial data.

The hardware is a set of computers that can support the operation of the software used. The hardware also includes a scanner, digitizer, GPS, printer and plotter.

(John E. Harmon, Steven J. Anderson. 2003)

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