The introduction of ArcGIS 10

ArcGIS provides a scalable application - can be tailored to the abilities and needs of its users - which could be implemented for single users as well as multiusers in desktop applications, servers, and internet. ArcGIS is a collection of 10 software products GIS (Geographic Information System) to build a comprehensive GIS applications. ArcGIS 10 can dbagi into several parts:

• ArcGIS Desktop: desktop-based GIS applications.
• ArcGIS Engine: various components to create their own GIS applications.
• Server GIS: a collection of server-based GIS applications (ArcSDE, ArcIMS, ArcGIS Server).
• Mobile GIS: GIS applications for mobile devices (ArcPad).

ArcGIS Desktop is one part of 10 is used for ArcGIS mapping, analysis, editing, data management, visualization, and geoprocessing. ArcGIS Desktop consists of several applications: ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox, ArcGlobe, ArcScene, ModelBuilder. ArcGIS Desktop has three functional levels: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo - which can be customized according to user's needs and abilities.

ArcGIS can menngakses data in various formats and using a multi-database and data-based files simultaneously. Data files are backed-based ArcGIS include: coverages, shapefile, Grids, TIN, images, etc.. Moreover, in line with technological advances, developing ArcGIS geodatabase format for the storage of spatial data. Geodatabase using relational database technology for spatial data management so that the various advantages of RDBMS (Relational DataBase Management System) can be applied in spatial data management.

There are two types of Geodatabase: Geodatabase and Personal Geodatabase multiusers. Personal Geodatabase is used to store data that is relatively small (max.2GB), using a Microsoft Access database, a single-user editing. ArcSDE geodatabase multiusers needs and work with various models of DBMS (IBM DB2, Informix, Oracle, and SQL Server), a very large storage capacity, multiusers editing.

ArcGIS Desktop has three frequently used applications: ArcCatalog, ArcMap, ArcToolbox.

• ArcCatalog: functions to access and manage data management (non-spatial data and spatial) with ease. Users can search for desired data, display, view, or create metadata. ArcCatalog can also connect an external database (MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle, etc.) with the data already held.
• ArcMap: designed for data display, editing, printing high-quality maps and perform spatial analysis.
• ArcToolbox: contains tools (tools) for various geoprocessing as well as conversion between data formats.

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Spatial Data Geographic Information System (GIS) using ArcGIS

Most of the data to be handled in a GIS is a spatial data is a geographic data-oriented, have a particular coordinate system as the basic reference and has two essential parts that make it different from other data, the location information (spatial) and descriptive information (attributes) that described below:

• Location information (spatial), corresponds to a coordinate either geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) and the XYZ coordinates, including the datum and projection information.
• Descriptive information (attributes) or non-spatial information, a location that has some information related thereto, for example: type of vegetation, population, area, zip code, and so forth.

Format and Spatial Data Sources

In a simple format in the form of computer language and code storage means different data between files with one another. In GIS, spatial data can be represented in two formats, namely:

• Vector Data

Data vector is represented in the form of the earth into a collection of lines, area (the area bounded by a line that begins and ends at the same point), and point nodes (the point of intersection between two lines).

• Raster data

Raster data is the data generated from the system of Remote Sensing. On raster data, geographic object is represented as a grid cell structure called a pixel (picture element).

On raster data, the resolution (visual definition) depends on its pixel size. In other words, describe the size of the actual pixel resolution in the earth's surface represented by each pixel in the image. The smaller the size of the Earth's surface is represented by a single cell, the higher the resolution. Raster data is very good to represent the limits of the change gradually, such as soil type, soil moisture, vegetation, soil temperature and so on. The main limitation of raster data is the large size of the file; the higher its resolution grid, the greater the file size and highly dependent on the hardware available Capacity.

SIG is one of the requirements of spatial data, which can be obtained from several sources, among others:

• Analog map

Analog maps (including topographic maps, soil maps, etc.) that maps in printed form. In general, analog maps made ​​with cartographic techniques, are likely to have such a reference spatial coordinates, scale, cardinal directions and so forth. In stages as the purposes of GIS data sources, map analog converted to digital maps in raster format to be converted into vector format via dijitasi process so as to show the actual coordinates on the surface of the earth.

• Remote Sensing Data Systems

Remote Sensing Data (such as satellite imagery, aerial photographs and so on), is the most important data sources for GIS because ketersediaanya periodically and cover a specific area. With a variety of satellites in space with their respective specifications, we can obtain various types of satellite imagery for various purposes of use. This data is usually represented in raster format.

• Field Measurement Results Data

Field measurement data generated by a separate calculation technique, in general, this data is a source of attribute data eg administrative boundaries, land ownership boundaries, parcel boundaries, limits of forest concessions and others.

• Data GPS (Global Positioning System)

GPS technology provides an important breakthrough in providing data for GIS. The higher the accuracy of GPS measurements to the development of technology. This data is usually represented in vector format. Discussion of the GPS will be explained hereinafter.

Data Acquisition Method / Geographic Information

1. Field survey: physical measurement (land marks), sampling (water pollution), non-physical data collection (data social, political, economic and cultural).
2. Census: the approach of questionnaires, interviews and observations; national data collection and periodic (census population, census of land holdings).
3. Statistics: the periodic method of data collection / per-interval-time at the station of observation and analysis of the geographic data, eg rainfall data.
4. Tracking: a way of collecting data in a particular period for purposes of monitoring or observation of the changes, eg, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, river water discharge.
5. Remote sensing (remote sensing): a science and art to obtain information of an object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of sensor data obtained from observers without direct contact with the object, area or phenomenon observed

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Definition of Geographic Information Systems

Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System / GIS) hereinafter referred to as GIS is a computer based information system used to process and store data or geographic information (Aronoff, 1989).

GIS in general terms as follows:

"A component consisting of hardware, software, geographic data and human resources to work together effectively to input, store, repair, update, manage, manipulate, integrate, analyze and display data in a geographic-based information".

GIS has the ability to connect a variety of data at a given point on earth, combine, analyze and finally map the results. The data will be processed in a GIS spatial data is a geographically-oriented data and a location that has a specific coordinate system, as a basic reference. So that the application of GIS can answer some questions such as: location, condition, trends, patterns and modeling. Ability is what distinguishes GIS from other information systems.

components of GIS

There are various definitions of the experts about the SIG, the SIG is essentially a system for managing, storing, processing, analysis and views (display) the data associated with the earth's surface. Such systems need to be able to operate the hardware (hardware) and software (software) are also human beings who operate them (brainware). In detail, the SIG may operate require the following components:

People who run the system includes operate, develop even memperolehmanfaat of the system. Categories of people who are part of this SIG is diverse, for example, operators, analysts, programmers, database administrators and even stakeholders.

Application is a collection of procedures used to process data into information. For example, the sum, classification, rotation, geometry correction, query, overlay, buffer, join table and so on.

The data can be used in GIS graphic data and attribute data. Graphic data / spatial data is a representation of the phenomenon of the earth's surface that has a reference (coordinate) prevalent form of maps, aerial photos, satellite imagery and so on, or the result of the interpretation of these data. While the data attributes such as population census data, survey notes, other statistical data. Collection of data in large quantities can be compiled into a database. So well known in the GIS database, commonly known as a spatial database (spatial database).

GIS software is tailor-made computer program and has a capacity management, storage, processing, analysis and delivery of spatial data.

The hardware is a set of computers that can support the operation of the software used. The hardware also includes a scanner, digitizer, GPS, printer and plotter.

(John E. Harmon, Steven J. Anderson. 2003)

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Creating Your Own Using Toolbox ArcGIS10

ArcToolbox has a very important function in the operation of ArcGIS. If we have an ArcInfo license we will have lots of tools in ArcToolbox. However, because there were so many, sometimes we are having trouble finding the tools that we want to use. The following tutorial shows how to create and manage your own toolbox.

1. Open ArcMap (or ArcCatalog)
2. Activate the ArcToolbox window
3. Right click on the folder indux ArcToolbox> > 
4. Navigate to the folder where it saved our toolbox
5. Click on the New Toolbox
6. Give the name, for example gistutorial.tbx

Note: If you want to be at the top of our toolbox, use the number before the name of the toolbox, for example 1gistutorial.tbx

7. Select the toolbox> Open

8. Right click on the toolbox that was made> New> toolset

9. Create a toolset as follows

10. Copy and Paste toolbar from ESRI standard toolbar into the toolset that we have made

All the tools are often used we put on a toolset that we have made.

11. Save the toolbox to the file

To save the toolbox to the file can be done by right click on toolbox 1gistutorial> Save As

Note: Toolbox refers to the file (Step 6). If the toolbox file was moved, it needs to be added back into the project.

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5 skills required for success in the field of GIS

ESRI Education Manager, Joseph Kerski, wrote an article about the five skills or abilities needed for a successful career in the field of GIS. To-5 expertise or skill is 2 or 3 of them are also must-have skills for successful careers in other fields. So what skill or skills are they?

The first skill for a successful career in the field of GIS is curiosity or the curiosity / wonder is great. They are a successful career in the field of GIS is not only curious about the world of geospatial technologies, but they also want to know about the world itself. They reflect the spatial relationship to work in a local phenomenon to a global scale, ranging from demographics, land use and traffic patterns within their own communities to natural hazards, biodiversity, and climate around the world. This triggers the curiosity that is often necessary to solve the problem by using GIS.

The second skill is the ability to work with data. They are a successful career in the field of GIS has developed the skills to think critically about the data. They not only know where to find data, but with a very good understanding of metadata so that they know the benefits and limitations to work with any kind of data type. They understand well what is the most effective measures to collect, analyze, and display geographic data in the application / GIS software.

The third skill for a successful career in the field of GIS is a basic understanding of geography. GIS practitioners must know the fundamentals behind all spatial phenomena, including map projections, datums, topological relations, spatial data models, database theory and methodology, ways to classify data, how to effectively use spatial statistics and geoprocessing methods, and much more the other.

The ability to adapt quickly is the fourth skill necessary to succeed in the field of GIS. Now this geospatial technology is developing very fast, as fast as other technologies. Cloud computing technology, the choice of GIS data access via the desktop platform or mobile device, access data online is the latest technological developments, as a professional career in the field of GIS, adaptation to technology and flexibility in the application of technology should be a must-have their own skills. This also applies to a successful career in other technologies. Inevitably, they must not only willing to change, but accept and embrace change as an important part of their careers. They are lifelong learners.

The fifth skill is good communication skills. They are a successful career in the field of GIS know how to use GIS and other presentation tools to communicate their work to various audiences. They understand well how to effectively use elements of maps, but they also knew how to communicate the results of their analysis in oral and written reports, visually via video, face to face, online, and through other means.

Source

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ArcGIS 9.3.1 Tutorial for Beginners

Here is a tutorial ArcGIS 9.3.1 version made ​​by Br. Beni Raharjo. Concerned decided to share the tutorial before you have completed all due ArcGIS version 10 release, so no longer continue the project of making the spirit of the tutorial version 9.x These drafts are still vacant will be equipped with ArcGIS version 10 as well merevsi other drafts.

We think the tutorial is still very relevant to be shared because the release of ArcGIS version 10 does not necessarily make ArcGIS 9.x users directly migrated. Constraints such as license fees and technical constraints led to several years ahead, tutorial ArcGIS 9.x is still urgently needed.

Contents of this tutorial is as follows

• Introduction to ArcGIS
• The introduction of ArcMap
• Creating a Map of Indonesia
• Introduction to ArcCatalog
• input Data
• editing
• Tables and Queries
• data Display
• Geoprocessing

Please download ArcGIS 9.3.1 tutorial for beginners on the following link.

Download books tutorials, PDF, 7Mb

Download the data for training; RAR, 31 Mb

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