FEATURING ON IMAGE TO MONITOR

• From the menu bar select File / New to create a blank display or click New
• From the menu bar select View / Algorithm, to display the contents of the algorithms of the Window, or view previously created.
• Algorithm box will appear and a new Window boxes as follows:

• In the image window box there is written Algorithm Not Yet Saved ***

In the box there is no image because there is no image file is entered *** Signs show window / box is currently active or being elected, the number 3 indicates that the window box is first opened the box, this figure will increase by the amount of window boxes opened so that when we opened the box to the 15 it will display the number 15 on the display. Algorithm Not Yet Saved writing means that we open the display window is not already stored in the algorithm file (. ALG).

• From the menu click on the image above algorithm under No word dataset to load the data to be displayed.
• Will come out a new look, a box Raster Dataset

• Then select Data are shown mean we select the highlighted file and the box will close the Raster Dataset. . means we choose the file that the higlight and the box will not close the raster dataset. This Layer Only the phrase that follows the word OK and Apply tersebuut indicates that the command affects only the selected layer only but not for all the layers. is the command to show information from the dataset file which we will choose.

• When the data is original data, then the cell size x and y will be worth 1 meters. This value should we change the subject to Landsat-TM spatial resolution of 30 meters, ie by clicking Then it will appear :

• Then click on the new box will appear

• Then click on the new box will appear

• Fill in the option value of 30 X Dimension and Y dimension as the example above, then click OK.
• Click Yes if there is a statement Save changes before closing the editor?
• The values ​​of x and y cell size will change to 30 meters, and then click Cancel
• After you select a data file, and then we determine what the layer will display the data. When you have selected, then the file name will appear on the city's algorithm.
shows the active layer and the selected file will be displayed on the proficiency level layer (the example above shows one band as the selected layer). By clicking the down arrow beside the text B1: Band 1 then it will appear around the layer that is on file (in this case is 7 iini band of Landsat-TM) as the example above.



• Set the type layer to be used to display data that has been loaded, multiple layer options provided are Pseudo, Red, Green, Blue, Intensity, Height, and others. To find out the type of layer can by right-clicking on the sentence Pseudo Layer.
• Signs • indicate the type layer selected.
• To display a combination of channel 542 for example, then make three layers, namely Red, Green, and Blue.
• To show the classification results, it is made Class Display layer.
• To display the Color Pseudo, Pseudo layer is made


Note:
• To change the type layer right click on the layer to be replaced.
• To mengduplikasi click Duplicate layer or layer copy then paste layer
• To remove the layer click the layer cut
• To turn off the layer, right click and then select Turn Off or click
• Image and to raise and lower level layer.

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TUTORIAL SOFTWARE ER Mapper 7.x

Activate ER Mapper Software Ver. 7.x

• From the Windows XP or Windows 98/NT/2000 disable / close all other programs that are performing well and disable the screen saver program so as not to interrupt the work process to be performed.
• From the Start menu select Programs and then select ER Mapper 7.x, then the image will appear as follows:

• Select Run ER Mapper in Evaluation Mode when we do not have a Permanent License on the Software. Wizard will not appear when the permanent License Mapper ER has been held on a computer is concerned.

• Or from a desktop computer can be searched shortcut icon as shown below, then click two times, so also will display a menu like the one above.

Figure: Schematic satellite image processing tool using ER Mapper software

ERMAPPER application has 3 (three) windows / main window which is used to perform image processing in digital, that is the main window (Ermapper window), window image (image window) and window algorithm (algorithm window).

Er Mapper 7.0 Main Window

Display window Er Mapper 7.0

Window algorithm Er Mapper 7.0

Through the main window we can do and bring a variety of modules which are provided for image processing. All the image manipulation process, both formulas, filtering, preparation of composite and the other is displayed in the window algorithm. So we can say that this store window algorithm formulas that we do image processing. We can also do the editing of the image manipulation process through the window of this algorithm. The results of image manipulation will be displayed in the image window.

In the image window, there are several menus that can be run by right-clicking the mouse on the image window.

There are 5 groups of the menu that appears, namely:

Processing menu:

•       Stop Processing (ESC), is used to interrupt the ongoing image.

•       Image Refresh (F5), used to repeat the process of re-appearance of the image.

•       Clip, a sharpening of the display image based on pixel values ​​that appear in the coverage area of ​​the image window. Sharpening is done by stretching the contrast based on the minimum and maximum pixel values ​​of coverage are shown.

Zoom menu:

•       Previous Zoom, used to display images with the look as before.

•       Zoom In, rear view

•       Zoom Out, shrink the display

•       Zoom to All Datasets, to zoom to the entire dataset area / surface are shown.

•       Zoom to Current Dataset, zoom on area of ​​coverage of the dataset (layer / surface) were selected.

•       Zoom to All Raster (Vector) Datasets, to zoom to the entire raster data (vector) are shown.

•       Extent Zoom to Page, zoom into an area the size of paper used (depending on its setup page).

•       Zoom to Page Content, zooming in on the contents of the map layout.

•       Set GeoLink to None, remove GeoLink image window.

•       Set GeoLink to Window (Screen / Overview Zoom / Overview Roam), set the image window to window geoling another image.

File menu:

Group menu contains standard menus are also available on the main window Ermapper.

Pointer menu:

These menus are used to change the mouse cursor functions:

•       Hand, used for shifting the display image.

•       Zoom, used to enlarge or shrink the image display by clicking the left mouse  drag down to raise or up to down.

•       Zoom Box tool, used to zoom on a particular area in accordance with the desire to give depth to an area of ​​the box area in the area to be enlarged.

•       Pointer

Ø  Information menu:

•       Algorithm, is used to display the window algorithm.

•       Cell Value Profile, to display the pixel value information window.

•       Cell Coordinate, to display the information window coordinates.

Ermapper can display multiple image windows at once, but it only shows one window algorithm. The algorithms presented is an algorithm of the currently active window image or active the last time.

Surface    : can be said as a dataset, in which a single surface can consist of one or more                   layers. There are several types to choose from a surface, namely Pseudocolor, Red 

Green Blue or Hue Saturation Intensity. 

Layer : can only be on the surface, and can only display one channel only. 

Current surface / layer: a layer / surface is highlighted (highlight), the layer is currently active / 

selected for further processing if we do a copy, duplicate, move up / down or turn off / on. 

Invalid layer : the layer that does not correspond to the selected type of surface 

(pseudocolor, RGB or HSI). This layer will be displayed with a red cross and will not appear in the image window. 

Off layer : the layer is not active, so it does not appear in the image window. 

Surface : can be said as a dataset, in which a single surface can consist of one or more layers. 

There are several types to choose from a surface, namely Pseudocolor, Red Green Blue 

or Hue Saturation Intensity. 

Layer : can only be on the surface, and can only display one channel only. 

Current surface / layer : a layer / surface is highlighted (highlight), the layer is currently active / selected for further processing if we do a copy, duplicate, move up / down or turn off / on. 

Invalid layer : the layer that does not correspond to the selected type of surface 

(pseudocolor, RGB or HSI). This layer will be displayed with a red cross and will not appear in the image window. 

Off layer : the layer is not active, so it does not appear in the image window.

More about → TUTORIAL SOFTWARE ER Mapper 7.x

Satellite Remote Sensing Image

Satellite remote sensing imagery is a 2-dimensional (2D) describing an object from view. Satellite remote sensing imagery depicts part of the Earth's surface that look of a room.

1 Digital and Analog image

The image can take the form of analog or digital. For example, aerial image of analog in the form of a film with a chemical process to get imagery, satellite imagery was obtained from sensors and electronic diporses digitally.  Satellite imagery is printed or hardcopy form may also be referred to as image/analog data.

Remote Sensing Data are not merely as an image, but the image data is stored in a regular grid format commonly referred to as raster data that consists of a line (row) and column (column). One of the smallest element (Figure 7) is named as a pixel (picture element). For each pixel has information coordinates (row and column) and spectral values are converted in the form of numbers, commonly referred to as DN (Digital Number).

1 Pixel

Each pixel represents the area of the surface of the Earth with the intensity and location of addresses in the form of 2-dimensional. Intensity values describing the size of the physical quantity which is the reflection of solar radiation emission or from an object with a specific wavelength that is received by the sensor. As mentioned earlier, the intensity of the pixel values are stored as digital (DN (Digital Number)). DN is stored in bits by a specified amount.

Figure 7.   Satellite imagery Data with spectral value assets

Remote sensing data quality on the main system characteristics are determined by the sensor platform.

Image: Landsat satellite image Data with spectral TM5 owns.

Characteristics of the system are usually indicated on sensor platforms:

1. Spectral radiometric resolution or

This resolution is based on each part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is measured and the difference in energy is observed. As an example: Landsat 7 ETM + has 9 channels/band, band 5 and SPOT5 using IKONOS II using 5 band.

2. Spatial Resolution

Spatial resolution is based on the smallest unit a measured object, indicating a minimum size of objects. For example the size of the per pixel to 5 m x 5 m Panchromatic SPOT5 and 2.5 m x 2.5; Multispektral 10 m x 10 m and Landsat 7 ETM Panchromatic + 15 m x 15 m; 30 m x 30 m Multispektral Thermal A and B 60 m x60m; as well as Panchromatic IKONOS II 1 m x 1 m, 4 m x 4 m Multispektral.

Image: comparison of spatial resolution satellite images Landsat MSS, Landsat 5 m 30 m 20 m TM5, SPOT4 and SPOT4 Pan 10 m. Landsat satellite image Data with spectral TM5 owns.

  3. Temporal Resolution (Repetition Of The Recording)

Temporal resolution (Revisit time) is the time loop recording data retrieval or on positions of the same object. Landsat 7 ETM + data retrieval or recording done in the position of an object on the same day, IKONOS setiap16 II for 4 days to an upright position and each day can do the recording for its ability to perekeman in obliq position (sideways).

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Reflection Spectral vegetation, soil and water

Images: Reflected electromagnetic energy of the Sun of spectral vegetation, soil and water received by sansor satellite.

In Figure 4. demonstrated a reflection curve on the three main objects spectral on the surface of the Earth, i.e. healthy green leafy vegetation, bare ground (grayish brown clay), and crystal clear waters. The line on the curve presents the average reflection curves created with measurement of sample tour of which there are many (Lillesand. 2002). This curve shows an indicator about the type of conditions related to object. Although the object is invidual reflection will differ large above and under average rating, but the curve shows some fundamental points related to the spectral reflection.  Healthy vegetation is green due to the magnitude of the energy absorption in the Green spectrum. If the plants suffered some disruption, and will affect the growth process and production up to par then it would reduce or shut down the production of chlorophyll. As a result of the lack of absorption by chlorophyll in the blue and Red channels. Often reflected on spek .

Images: spectral Reflection Curves that characterize an object of vegetation, soil and water.

Sensors and Probes (Flatform) remote sensing Technology

1. Sensor

 The Sensor is a device used to measure and record electromagnetic energy. In remote sensing, sensor system can be distinguished into two categories: active and passive sensors sensors. Blurb about it, as follows:

• Passive Sensors

For passive sensors depending on the source of energy from the outside, the Sun. So that remote sensing system passive receiving reflected energy and/or emitted from the Earth's surface. Remote sensing satellite technologies that use sensors with channel looks eye (visible) and infrared.  Camera photography is a passive sensor is the most old and worn. As another example of passive sensor is gamma-ray spectrometer, aerial cameras, video cameras and scanners, thermal and multispektral and sebagainnya

Image 6.  System of remote sensing satellite remote sensors.

Active Sensor

For active sensors have their own source of energy. Measurement with active sensors more controllable since it does not depend on weather conditions and time.  For example, the sensor is active among other scanner LASER, RADAR altimeter, RADAR Imagery, and so on.

Image: System sensor's active and passive microwave system with optical sensor and satellite imagery produced. Cloud coverage penetration ability in gelombangan micro mengasilkan image of a clean of the cloud cover.

2      2. (Probe) Platform

Vehicle system (platform) remote sensing can be bright in the two systems, the first remote sensing by airborne, i.e. by using the aircraft (aircraft), a hot air balloon, and so on. The second is a remote sensing system and using the system speceborne i.e. using a probe satellite, spacecraft, and sebagainnya.

More about → Reflection Spectral vegetation, soil and water